Engl. 772-35 Period in Literature:
American Realism

• Literary Terms
• Authors

Literary Terms

• Realist Zeitgeist--a list of "realist" characteristics in literature and art.
• Realism in American Literature--this term is trickier than one would have thought.
• Naturalism in American Literature
• Regionalism and Local Color Fiction
• Late-Nineteenth Century Naturalism:  A Brief Introduction
• Regionalism and Local Color.
• Realism--good introduction
• Some Notes on Realism--introduction
• American Literary Romanticism, Realism, Naturalism--definitions
• Realism and Naturalism--short "history" of the development of these modes in European literature and art
• American Realism, 1865-1910

Authors

Henry Adams

Texts

• The Education of Henry Adams--e-text. See in particular Chap.XXV The Dynamo and the Virgin.

Jane Addams

Texts

• My Twenty Years at Hull House; or My Twenty Years at Hull House--e-texts.
• Speeches and Writings of Jane Addams.

Biography/Study Aids

• Short biography.
• A View of Hull House as a Feminist Initiative--short but helpful analysis of key ideas
• Hull House--many links

Edward Bellamy

Texts

• Looking Backward--e-text.

Ambrose Bierce

Texts

• An Occurence at Owl Creek Bridge--e-text.
• Chickamauga --e-text.

George Washington Cable

Texts

• Belles Demoiselles Plantation--e-text.
• Old Creole Days--links to eight stories, including "Belles Damoiselles Plantation."
• Sieur George--e-text.

Biography/Study Aids

• Biography.
• George Washington Cable--study guide.

Scholarly Articles

• New South Narratives of Freedom: Rereading George Washington Cable's "`Tite Poulette" and Madame Delphine--scholarly article.

Abraham Cahan

Texts

• Yekl: A Tale of the New York Ghetto--e-text.
• The Russian Jew in America)--Atlantic Monthly article

Biography

• Cahan Biography (1); Cahan biography (2) (Cahan as journalist).

Scholarly Articles

• Citizenship and Ethnic Identity in Imported Bridegroom--scholarly article.
• Literary Migration: Abraham Cahan's 'The Imported Bridegroom' and the Alternative of American Fiction--scholarly article.

Charles Chesnutt

Texts

• The Wife of his Youth and Other Stories of the Color Line--e-texts of nine stories; here is another copy of The Sheriff's Children.
• Chesnutt Links--more e-texts (novels and stories)
• The Goophered Grapevine--etext
• The Conjure Woman--e-text.

Biography/Study Aids

• Chesnutt Biography
• Voodoo--short summary of conjure.
• Review of Conjure Woman and Other Stories--by Levinson.
• The Lessons in "Po' Sandy"--excerpt from an essay on white frame narrative and black authority
• Parallel Studies of American/Afro-American Literature--teaching unit; plantation tradition (Harris and Cable) subverted by Chestnutt in Conjure Woman; also covers Dunbar, Toomer, and Wright.

Scholarly Articles

• Other(ed) Ghosts: Gothicism and the Bonds of Reason in Melville, Chesnutt, and Morrison--Goldner's scholarly article.
• Neither Fish, Flesh, Nor Fowl: Race and Region in the Writings of Chesnutt --Fleischmann's scholarly article.
• Keeping an "Old Wound" Alive: 'The Marrow of Tradition' and the Legacy of Wilmington--Roe's scholarly article.
• Charles W. Chesnutt and the Anti-Imperialist Matrix of African-American Writing, 1898-1905--Wegener's scholarly article.
• The Mirror and the Veil: The Passing Novel and the Quest for American Racial Identity--Sheehy's scholarly article.
• Who Owns the Whip?: Chesnutt, Tourgee, and Reconstruction Justice--Hardwig's scholarly article.
• Other Nature: Resistance to Ecological Hegemony in Charles W. Chesnutt's The Conjure Woman--Myers' scholarly article.
• "A Living Death": Gothic Signification and the Nadir in The Marrow of Tradition--scholarly article.
• 'I will gladly share with them my richer heritage': Schoolteachers in Frances E. W. Harper's Iola Leroy and Charles Chesnutt's Mandy Oxendine--scholarly article.

Kate Chopin

Texts

• The Awakening; or The Awakening and Other Stories--e-texts.
• Bayou Folks--e-text
• A Night in Acadie--e-text
• Chopin Novels/stories; more Chopin stories--e-texts.
• At the 'Cadian Ball and The Storm--e-texts (alternate copies of At The 'Cadian Ball (2) and The Storm [A Sequel to "At the 'Cadian Ball"]).

Biography/Study Aids

• Domestic Goddesses: Chopin biography--also good link to essays/articles on Chopin's novel (scroll down to her name).
• Chopin Links--biography, writings by and about Chopin.
• Footprints in Cloutierville (Literary Traveler)--biography, pictures of Chopin's house
• Visit to Grand Isle--with photos
• Definition of "Creole"
• Kate Chopin--many, many background links (music, art, women's issues, birth control, hurricanes, etc.) links to contexts for studying The Awakening.
• Chopin Enhancements--more contexts at this LPB site
• Study questions: The Awakening.
• Whitman's 'Song of Myself'--see Canto 11 (Twenty-eight young men . . .).
• A Woman Far Ahead of Her Time--introductory article on Chopin's life, themes in novel, reception of novel.

Turn-of-the-Century Bathing Suits  (Charles Dana Gibson's "Gibson Girls").
View upper-class 1890s Fashions and fashion magazine covers 1898-1900.
More turn-of-the-19th-century fashion links.

Student Essays

• Romanticism, Realism, Naturalism, and Local Color: The Literary Context of The Awakening--graduate student summary of the literary movements related to Chopin's writing.
• Historical and Cultural Background; Myths & Fairy Tales Contexts; Symbols in The Awakening; Ways of Interpreting Edna's Suicide: Controversies over Ending--graduate student summaries.
• The Awakening: A Study of the Extent to which Edna Pontellier ... marks a departure from the female characters of earlier nineteenth-century American novels--student essay.
• Kate Chopin's Ecofeminism--interesting graduate student paper
• Kate Chopin's Gender-Awakening--graduate student paper on The Awakening
• Rising Feminist "Storms": Female Sexuality & Desire in Kate Chopin's "The Storm"--excellent analysis of this short story.
• Deviating from the Norm . . . in The Awakening--interesting graduate student paper that gives a positive reading of Edna's choices.
• Reconciling Edna's Suicide and the Criticism Surrounding Chopin's The Awakening--student paper.
• The Woman Question Reconsidered: Gender, Race, and Class in the Work of Kate Chopin and Frances Harper"--interesting student paper.
• Edna Pontellier as Commodity: A Waif amidst the Forces of American Capitalism--student essay

Scholarly Articles

• 'Abysses of solitude': Acting Naturally in Vogue and The Awakening--scholarly article.
• Surviving Edna: A Reading of the Ending of The Awakening--scholarly article.
• Failing Fictions: The Conflicting and Shifting Social Emphases of Kate Chopin's "Local Color" Stories--scholarly article.
• The Awakening: The Critical Reception--scholarly essay; some comments also on Edna as "New Woman"
• Kate Chopin as Feminist: Subverting the French Androcentric Influence--scholarly essay on Chopin rewriting Maupassant
• Anticipations of Modernism and Negotiations of Gender in The Awakening--scholarly paper
• Articulation and Artistry: A Conversational Analysis of The Awakening--Muirhead's scholarly article.
• Kate Chopin's "Lilacs" and the Story of the Annunciation--scholarly article on the story.
• The Awakened One:  A Buddhist Reading of The Awakening--scholarly and positive reading of the  ending.
• Reconsidering The Awakening: The Literary Sisterhood of Kate Chopin and George Egerton--scholarly article.

Stephen Crane

Texts

• Maggie: A Girl of the Streets--e-text.
• Red Badge of Courage; or Red Badge of Courage (2)--e-texts.
• An Experiment in Misery; or An Experiment in Misery (2)--e-texts.
• The Men in the Storm; or The Men in the Storm(2)--e-texts.
• In the Depths of a Coal Mine--e-text
• The Open Boat--e-text
• The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky --e-text
• The Blue Hotel --e-text

Biography

• Biography and links.
• The Stephen Crane Society --many links to biography and e-texts.

Study Aids/Scholarly Articles

• Historical Context of Maggie: A Girl of the Streets--excellent background on tenement life, social Darwinism,etc.
• War Beyond Romance (Yale)--lesson plan with good comments on Red Badge of Courage
• Red Badge: Critical Reception--how his contemporaries responded to the novel.
• Imaging the Civil War--article on Red Badge, photography, and painting.
• The Battle:  Chancellorsville--helpful background for Red Badge.
• The Army Motif in The Red Badge of Courage as a Response to Industrial Capitalism--scholarly article.
• First Crane Lecture and Second Crane Lecture--on Red Badge of Courage.

Rebecca Harding Davis

Texts

• Life in the Iron Mills; or Life in the Iron-Mills (2)--e-texts.
• Out of the Sea--e-text.
• Balacchi Brothers--e-text
• Rebecca Harding Davis Page--"Boston in the 1860s" (essay); "The Wife's Story" (story).

Biography/Study Aids

• Biography
• Rebecca Harding Davis--links to biographies, commentary, and her writings on-line
• Peculiarities of American Cities: Pittsburg--read about the pollution in a real coal-mining/ironworks city.
• Heath Study Guide to Life in the Iron Mills

Scholarly Articles

• Direct Addresses, Narrative Authority, and Gender in Rebecca Harding Davis's 'Life in the Iron Mills'--scholarly article.

Theodore Dreiser

Texts

• Sister Carrie; or Sister Carrie (2)--e-texts
• Ida Hauchawout--e-text

Biography/Study Aids

• Dreiser Biography (3)
• Links to many resources
• Theodore Dreiser Society--many links
• Haunted Chicago--short introduction on Chicago prostitution
• Sister Carrie Study Questions.
• Melodrama and Theater in Dreiser's Sister Carrie--several links on related materials.
• Sister Carrie: 'A Strangely Strong Novel in a Queer Milieu'--detailed history of the novel's creation and publication.
• Where All the Trains Ran: Chicago--the real Chicago and Sister Carrie's literary Chicago.

Scholarly Articles

• Cultural and Historical Contexts for Sister Carrie--scholarly article.
• The Composition and Publication of Sister Carrie--scholarly article.
• Dreiser and Sister Carrie's Kingdom of Greatness--scholarly article.
• Reading and the Material Girl: Educating Sister Carrie --scholarly article.
• Consuming Brotherhood: Men's Culture, Style and Recreation as Consumer Culture, 1880-1930--Swiencicki's scholarly article.
• What More Can Carrie Want? Naturalistic Ways of Consuming Women--scholarly article.
• Carrie's Blues--scholarly article.
• Dreiser's 'The Financier' and the Horatio Alger myth --Pitofsky's scholarly article.

W.E.B. DuBois

Texts

• The Souls of Black Folk--e-text
• Strivings of the Negro People  (alternate copy of Strivings)--Chap. 1 of Souls of Black Folk, originally published in the Atlantic Monthly.
• The Talented Tenth Argument--the DuBois philosophy vs. the Booker T. Washington approach.
• A Negro Schoolmaster in the New South--essay published in The Atlantic Monthly, 1899.
• The Comet--e-text; story (Chap. VIII, Darkwater).
• The Song of Smoke--e-text; poem
• DuBois writings--e-texts.  More Dubois writings (2)

Biography

• DeBois biography
• A Timeless Legacy: Celebrating 100 Years of W.E.B. Du Bois' The Souls of Black Folk - A Salute To Black History Month--excellent biography, including DuBois disagreement with Booker T. Washington's ideas.
• Scholar, Scientist, Activist--good analysis of the DuBois corpus.
• DuBois Biography (2)--plus related links on DuBois.

Scholarly Articles

• The Prophetic and Pragmatic Philosophy of 'Race' in W. E. B. DuBois's 'The Comet'--short scholarly article.
• Du Bois and the Minstrels--scholarly article.
• Du Bois's Horizon: Documenting Movements of the Color Line--scholarly article.
• Hearts and Souls: The Strange Education of DuBois--good analysis of key ideas in DuBois's writings and of the "anti-racist racism" of the Black mythology constructed by DuBois. Click Next Page (bottom of page) to read the second page.
• The Trumpet of Confrontation--chapter on DuBois from Norman Coombs' book The Immigrant Experience in America (1972).
• Du Bois the Novelist: White Influence, Black Spirit, and The Quest of the Silver Fleece--Lee's scholarly article.
• The Mirror and the Veil: The Passing Novel and the Quest for American Racial Identity.--Sheehy's scholarly article.
• "Looking at One's Self Through the Eyes of Others": W. E. B. Du Bois's Photographs for the 1900 Paris Exposition--Smith's scholarly article.
• W. E. B. Du Bois vs. "the Sons of the Fathers": A Reading of The Souls of Black Folk in the Context of American Nationalism --Velikova's scholarly article.
• The Sociology of Religion of W.E.B. Du Bois--scholarly article.

Paul Laurence Dunbar

Texts

• Lyrics of Lowly Life and When Malindy Sings--e-texts
• We Wear the Mask--text of his most famous poem.

Biography/Study Aids

• Paul Lawrence Dunbar Website--biography, collections, photos, etc.

Scholarly Articles

• Scholarly Excerpts about Dunbar's poetry; biography included

Alice Dunbar-Nelson

Texts

• Violets and Other Tales--e-texts
• The Goodness of St. Rocque and Other Stories.
• Sonnet and I Sit and Sew--e-texts.

Biography/Study Aids

• Two Biographies.
• Alice Dunbar-Nelson--Heath study guide

Scholarly Articles

• Criticism on 'I Sit & Sew'--excerpts.
• Alice Dunbar-Nelson's Local Colors of Ethnicity, Class, and Place --Brooks' scholarly article.

Charles Alexander Eastman

Texts

• Old Indian Days; The Soul of an Indian; Indian Boyhood--e-texts
• The Madness of Bald Eagle--e-text story
• Ohiyesa (Charles Eastman)--introduction to and e-text of Indian Heroes and Great Chieftains

Biography/Study Aids

• Eastman Biography
• Ghost Dance Songs--e-texts; background for the Wounded Knee massacre.
• Wounded Knee Massacre--background information; several good links at bottom of the page.

Sui Sin Far (Edith Maud Eaton)

Texts

• A Chinese Ishmael--e-text
• A Love Story from the Rice Field s of China--e-text
• The Bird of Love--e-text

Biography/Study Aids

• Sui Sin Far and the Chinese American Canon: Toward a Post-Gender-Wars Discourse--scholarly article.
• Biography
• Sui Sin Far/Edith Maude Eaton: A Literary Biography--helpful book review.
• Study Guide.
• Sui Sin Far links
• The Immigrant Eye"--essay on Sui Sin Far and other immigrant writers.

Scholarly Articles

• Biracial/Bicultural Identity in the Writings of Sui Sin Far--Diana's scholarly article.
• "A Chinese Ishmael": Sui Sin Far, Writing, and Exile--Leighton's scholarly article.
• Spectacle Ethnography and Immigrant Resistance: Sui Sin Far and Anzia Yezierska--Jirousek's scholarly article.
• Empire and the Mind of the Child: Sui Sin Far's "Tales of Chinese Children"--scholarly article.
• A Reversal of American Concepts of "Other-ness" in the Fiction of Sui Sin Far--scholarly article.

Harold Frederic

Texts

• The Damnation of Theron Ware--e-text

Biography/Study Aids

• Biography of Harold Frederic
• A Study Guide--many helpful links.

Scholarly Articles

• By Whose Authority? Point of View in the First Chapter of Harold Frederic's 'The Damnation of Theron Ware'--scholarly article.
• THe Americanization of Theron Ware--scholarly article.

Mary Wilkins Freeman

Texts

• The Revolt of "Mother"; or The Revolt of "Mother" (2) --e-texts
• A Poetess--e-text
• Freeman Links--to etexts and other resources

Hamlin Garland

Texts

• Under the Lion's Paw;  Under the Lion's Paw (2)--e-texts
• The Return of a Private--e-text

Biography/Study Aids

• Garland's Literary Creed--realism/veritism and impressionism defined
• "Under the Lion's Paw": Single-Tax Land Reform and Agrarian America in Virgin Land--short but helpful article.
• Garland Links--to on-line resources
• Hamlin Garland Society--many links.

Charlotte Perkins Gilman

Texts

• Yellow Wallpaper--e-text; or Yellow Wallpaper (2)--illustrated.
• Why I Wrote "The Yellow Wallpaper"--e-text of Gilman article.
• Herland; or Herland (2); or Herland (3)--e-texts
• Suffrage Songs and Verses--by Gilman

Biography/Study Aids

• Gilman links
• Student Essays on The Yellow Wallpaper
• Gilman biography/criticism--includes links (scroll down the page) to five scholarly papers on "The Yellow Wallpaper."

Scholarly Articles

• The Yellow Wallpaper: A Poetics of the Inside--scholarly paper.
• The Awakening and The Yellow Wallpaper: An Intertextual Comparison of the "Conventional" Connotations of Marriage and Propriety--scholarly paper.
• Behind the "barred windows": The Imprisonment of Women's Bodies and Minds in Nineteenth-Century America--scholarly article.
• Feminism in Herland--scholarly paper
• The Feminization of Education--scholarly article; briefly mentions Herland
• Escaping the Jaundiced Eye: Foucauldian Panopticism in Charlotte Perkins Gilman's "The Yellow Wallpaper"--scholarly article.
• Myths of Poesis, Hermeneusis, and Psychogenesis: Hoffmann, Tagore, and Gilman--scholarly article.

Joel Chandler Harris

Texts

• Free Joe, and Other Georgian Sketches--e-text
• Uncle Remus--tales, illustrations; links to other writings, and to biography.

Biography/Study Aids

• Remembering Remus--excellent discussion of background of and controversies about Uncle Remus and his Disney cartoon descendents
• Heath Study Guide--issues in teaching Harris
• Parallel Studies of American/Afro-American Literature--teaching unit; plantation tradition (Harris and Cable) to modern naturalistic fiction (Wright and dos Passos).

Bret Harte

Texts

• The Luck of Roaring Camp--e-text
• Tennessee's Partner--e-tex
• The Outcasts of Poker Flat--e-text
• The Idyll of Red Gulch--e-text
• Three stories--e-texts for "Luck of Roaring Camp"; "Outcasts of Poker Flats"; "Idyll of Red Gulch"

Scholarly Articles

• The Feminization of Roaring Camp: Bret Harte and The American Woman's Home--short scholarly article.

Pauline Hopkins

Texts

• Contending Forces: A Romance Illustrative of North and South (1900)--complete text of novel online. Alternate copy: Contending Forces [no frames].

Biography/Study Aids

• Hopkins Biography

Scholarly Articles

• Virtue, Housekeeping, and Domestic Space in Contending Forces--Wolf's scholarly essay.
• The Property of Inheritance, Race, and Sexual Morality in Hopkins's Contending Forces--Nerad's scholarly article.
• Portrayals and Counter Portrayals--graduate student essay (Am. Studies Association) on images of black women by Jacobs, Harper, and Hopkins.
• Pauline Hopkins's Of One Blood, Africa, and the "Darwinist trap"--scholarly article.
• Hysteria and Trauma in Pauline Hopkins' 'Of One Blood, Or, the Hidden Self'--Horvitz's scholarly article.
• Reading Racial Difference in Heliodorus's Ethiopica and Hopkins's Of One Blood--Harris' scholarly article.
• Race Travel in Turn-of-the-Century African American Utopian Fiction--discusses Of One Blood and other novels.
• Kin' o'rough jestice fer a parson": Hopkins's 'Winona' and the Politics of Reconstructing History--Patterson's scholarly article.
• "So strangely interwoven": The Property of Inheritance, Race, and Sexual Morality in Pauline E. Hopkins's Contending Forces--scholarly article.
• Some commentary on Hopkins' lesser known "mystery/detective" fiction

William Dean Howells

Texts

• The Rise of Silas Lapham; or The Rise of Silas Lapham (2)--e-texts
• East-side Ramble--in Atlantic Monthly; East-side Ramble (3)--e-texts
• Editha--e-text
  
  

Biography

• Howells Biography--with some comments on his novels
• Links to Howells' writings

Scholarly Articles

• New York, New York--scholarly article on Wharton's Age of Innocence and Howell's Hazard of Fortunes
• The Flaneur in New York: The Aesthetics and Ethics of Urban Perception in Hazard of New Fortunes--scholarly article on urban spectatorship

Henry James

Texts

• Daisy Miller; or Daisy Miller: A Study--e-texts. An illustrated Daisy Miller (2).
• The Aspern Papers--e-text.
• The Beast in the Jungle--e-text.
• The Jolly Corner--e-text.
• The Real Thing--e-text.
• The Turn of the Screw; or The Turn of the Screw (2)--e-texts
• The Art of Fiction; or The Art of Fiction (2)--e-text of famous essay by James

BiographyStudy Aids

• Henry James links--very thorough.
• Henry James Scholar's Guide to Website--another set of comprehensive links to texts by and about James.
• Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France--book excerpt; scroll down the page to "The 'New Woman' lands in France"--includes the Daisy Miller "new woman" as tourist.
• Take a Daisy Miller European Tour (click on these pictures and links):

• Hotel des Trois Couronnes and Promenade--where Daisy and Winterbourne meet.
• Chillon Walkthrough (Switzerland)--tour the Chateau de Chillon like Daisy and Winterbourne did.
• View from Pincio Hill (Rome)--where Daisy and Giovanelli go walking. That's Piazza del Popolo below and St. Peter's Bascilica on the horizon.
• Colosseum (image: exterior by night); Colosseum (2) (1890 view); Roman Colosseum (many images)
• The Protestant Cemetary and Protestant Cemetary (Rome)--where Daisy is buried.

• Sparknotes on Daisy Miller--commentary on the novella
• ClassicNotes on Daisy Miller--commentary on the novella
• Heath Guide on James--teaching considerations for "Beast in the Jungle" and "Daisy Miller."

Scholarly Articles

• Remembered Future: Neuro-Cognitive Identity in Henry James's The Turn of the Screw--scholarly article.
• Postgothic fiction: Joyce Carol Oates turns the screw on Henry James--scholarly article.
• Convention and Chaos in The Turn of the Screw--scholarly article.
• Pushkin in the Aspern Papers--scholarly article; scroll down the page.
• Ghosts in the Window in The Ambassadors--scholarly article; scroll down the page.
• Jeffrey Aspern and Edgar Allan Poe: A Speculation--scholarly article on the "Aspern Papers."
• The Ethics of Reading: The Struggle for Subjectivity in The Portrait of a Lady--scholarly article.
• Henry James' Paradoxical Bowl: The Reinstatement of Doubt in Fin-de-siecle America--Guerra's scholarly article.

Sarah Orne Jewett

Texts

• The Country of the Pointed Firs--e-text; 24-chapter version
• Country of the Pointed Firs--e-text; 21-chapter version.
• Tales of New England--e-text; includes "The White Heron"
• The White Heron--e-text; includes photo of heron;
• Works of Sarah Orne Jewett

Biography/Study Aids

• Jewett Biography
• Sarah Orne Jewett and Annie Adams Fields: Boston Marriage and Cultural Nexus--scholarly article.
• Links to many e-texts and resources
• Women Regionalists Revisited: The Limits of Local Color--helpful discussion; includes Jewett.

Scholarly Articles

• The Rhetoric of Communion in Jewett's "A White Heron"--scholarly article.
• Sylvia as Hero in Sarah Orne Jewett's "A White Heron"--scholarly article.
• Transcendentalism in Country Firs--scholarly paper
• Influence of Hawthorne on The Country of the Pointed Firs--scholarly article on Joanna Todd and Hester Prynne
• Jewett on Race, Class, Ethnicity, and Imperialism: A Reply to Her Critics--scholarly article on Pointed Firs.

Jack London

Texts

• Call of the Wild--e-text
• The  Law of Life--e-text
• To Build a Fire; or To Build a Fire (2)--e-texts
• In a Far Country; more Klondike stories--e-texts.
• When God Laughs and Other Stories--e-texts.
• London Links--to many, many writings.

Biography/Study Aids

• London Biography and many links
• Naturalism and Realism--with some comments on London and "To Build a Fire"
• Darwin's On the Origins of Species--summary of his key ideas

Frank Norris

Texts

• McTeague--e-text
• Comida: An Experience in Famine--e-text
• A Lost Story--e-text
• After Strange Gods--e-text
• Thoroughbred--e-text
• A Case for Lombroso--e-text
• A Deal in Wheat--e-text

Biography/Study Aids

• Norris Links.

John Oskison

Texts

• The Problem of Old Harjo--e-text
• Remaining Causes of Indian Discontent--e-text.

Biography/Study Aids

• Oskison Biography.
• Study Aid.

Thomas Nelson Page

Texts

• Marse Chan: A Tale of Old Virgina--e-text
• In Ole Virginia or Marse Chan and Other Stories--e-texts.

Biography/Study Aids

• Biography.

Elizabeth Stuart Phelps

Texts

• Phelps' Magazine writings--scroll down to "E. Stuart Phelps" links. Includes "The Tenth of January"
• More Phelps' writings--scroll down to "Elizabeth S. Phelps" links. Includes the novels Dr. Zay and Friends
• More Phelps writings (2)--scroll down to "Elizabeth Stuart Phelps" links. Includes the opening chapters of the novel A Singular Life
• More Phelps' writings (3)--scroll down to "Phelps, Elizabeth Stuart" links. Includes the later chapters of the novel A Singular Life
• More Phelps' writings (4)--scroll down to "Phelps, Elizabeth Stuart" links.
• The Rejected Manuscript--scroll down to "Ward, Elizabeth Stuart Phelps"
• The Lady of Shalott--e-text.
• The Christmas of Sir Galahad--e-text.
• The True Story of Guenever--e-text.

Biography/Study Aids

• Phelps biography
• Study Aid
• Story of Avis--helpful essay
• The Literary Fate of the Woman Artist--Nestvold's
  conference paper on Avis.

Jacob Riis

Texts

• How the Other Half Lives; alternate copy: How the Other Half Lives (2)--e-texts
• Riis's Photos of the slums--click on the framed thumbnails
• The Battle of the Slum--e-text

Biography/Study Aids

• Riis Biography--Riis as photographer.
• Jacob Riis's Reform Photography--some comments on Riis' photography.
• Analysis of Riis Photographs
• Yellow Kid on the Paper Stage--a cartoon version of Riis' project.

Upton Sinclair

Texts

• The Jungle; or The Jungle--e-texts

Biography

• Sinclair Biography.

Frederick Jackson Turner

Texts

• The Significance of the Frontier in American History, 1893--e-text of Turner's famous "frontier thesis."
• The Frontier in American History--complete e-text

Biography/Study Aids

• Frederick Jackson Turner--brief biography and helpful discussion of some key aspects of Turner's thesis.

Mark Twain

Texts

• Huckleberry Finn--e-text, illustrations, and related items.
• Tom Sawyer--e-text, illustrations, and related items.
• Roughing It (2)--e-text, illustrations, contexts.
• Roughing It. See especially Chapter IX; Chapter X; and Chapter XI--e-text chapters about the Rocky Mountain desperado named Slade.
• The Story of the Old Ram--e-text; from Roughing It.
• Life on the Mississippi--e-text
• The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson; or Puddn'head Wilson--e-text, illustrations, contexts.
• A Connecticut Yankee--e-text
• The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg --e-text
• The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County--e-text
• The Private History of a Campaign That Failed--e-text
• The Californian's Tale--e-text
• The Story of the Bad Boy Who Didn't Come to Grief--e-text

Biography/Study Aids

• Sam Clemens as Mark Twain--the construction of his public image.
• Mark Twain on Stage
• Marketing Twain
• King Arthur's Court in MT's America--Twain's response to Sir Walter Scott's Ivanhoe
• Sources and Pretexts for Huck Finn--excellent links, including to Black Minstelsy.
• Negative Capability and the Teaching the Controversy over Race in Huckleberry Finn--a very helpful and nuanced approach by one teacher to the race issue in the novel; notes the strengths and weaknesses of arguments on BOTH sides of the controversy.
• Huck Finn Teacher's Guide--excellent resource on how to approach the race issue in Huck Finn. Many helpful links, although a few do not work.
• Pudd'nhead Wilson: Study Guide.
• Pudd'nhead Wilson: Major Themes.

Scholarly Articles

• Carnival in Mark Twain's 'Stirring Times in Austria' and 'The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg'--scholarly article.
• Mark Twain's Cross-dressing Oeuvre--scholarly article on Huck Finn and Pudd'nhead Wilson.

Thorstein Veblen

Texts

• The Theory of the Leisure Class; or Theory of the Leisure Class--e-texts; links to all the chapters.

Biography/Study Aids

• Biography
• Veblen, Torstein Bunde--comments on Veblen's satiric methods.

Booker T. Washington

Texts

• Up from Slavery; Up from Slavery (2); Up from Slavery--e-texts
• The Case of the Negro--essay by Washington, published in 1899.
• Is the Negro Having a Fair Chance--essay by Washington, published 1912.

Biography/Study Aids

• Booker T. Washington and Character Education--his life and education ideas
• Up from Slavery essay--good analysis of key ideas and impact of Washington's writings
• The Trumpet of Conciliation--chapter on Washington in Norman Coombs' book The Immigrant Heritage of America (1972)

Edith Wharton

Texts

• House of Mirth--e-text
• Wharton Novels and Novellas online--links to many e-texts.
• Wharton Short Stories Online--links to many e-texts.

Biography/Study Aids

• Edith Wharton's World: Portraits of People and Places--biography with photos/artwork of people/places in her world.
• Edith Wharton (Domestic Goddesses site)--biography
• The Mount Restoration--Wharton's house; biography also.
• Wharton's Summer--short article.

Scholarly Articles

• The Art and Architecture of the Self: Designing the "I"-Witness in Edith Wharton's The House of Mirth--scholarly article by Totten.
• Engendering Naturalism: Narrative Form and Commodity Spectacle in U.S. Naturalist Fiction--scholarly article.
• Shopping for a Change--article on consumer themes & self-images in House of Mirth.
• The Naturalism of Edith Wharton's 'House of Mirth'--scholarly article.
• Mimesis and Moral Agency in House of Mirth--scholarly article by Ouzgane.
• From Tea to Chloral: Raising the Dead Lily Bart--Gerard's scholarly article.
• Tragedy in Two Genders: 'The House of Mirth' & 'The Pledge' --review of the movie version of House of Mirth.
• "For the use of the magazine morons": Edith Wharton Rewrites the Tale of the Fantastic--scholarly article on Wharton's ghost fiction.
• The Repudiation of Sisterhood in Edith Wharton's "Pomegranate Seed"--scholarly article.
• Newland Archer: Advocate Idealist--detailed scholarly analysis of idealism in Age of Innocence
• Degradation and Forbidden Love in Edith Wharton's 'Summer'--scholarly article.
• Race, Culture, Nation: Edith Wharton and Ernest Renan--scholarly article.

Constance Fenimore Woolson

Texts

• Selections by Constance Fenimore Woolson --e-texts of five of her stories, including "Rodman the Keeper."
• Links--many links to many online Woolson stories published in 19th Century periodicals.

Biography

• Introduction--good biography of Woolson; brief comments on her fiction.
• Biography.
• Constance Fenimore Woolson-- interesting take on Woolson's life and writing, especially "Miss Grief."

Scholarly Articles

• Keeping Memory: The Cemetery and Rhetorical Memory in Constance Fenimore Woolson's "Rodman the Keeper" --excerpt from scholarly article.

Zitkala-sa (Gertrude Simmons Bonnin)

Texts

• Impressions of an Indian Childhood; or Impressions of an Indian Childhood (2)--e-text
• The School Days of an Indian Girl; or School Days of an Indian Girl (2)--e-text
• An Indian Teacher among Indians; or An Indian Teacher Among Indians (2)--e-text
• The Trial Path [Illust.]--e-texts
• The Soft-Hearted Sioux [Illust.]--e-texts
• The Warrior 's Daughter --e-text
• Old Indian Legends--e-text
• Why I am a Pagan--e-text

Biography

• Zitkala-sa Biography; Zitkala-sa biography (2); Zitkala-sa biography (3)

Scholarly Articles

• Dis/engagement. Zitkala-Sa's Letters to Carlos Montezuma, 1901-1902 --Spack's scholarly article.
• Zitkala-Sa's Autobiographical Writings: The Problems of a Canonical Search for Language and Identity--scholarly article.

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